Virtual Laboratories: Mesocosms and Gameworlds
PDF

Keywords

climate change
digital games
ecology
laboratories
planetary infrastructure

How to Cite

Breitling, D. (2024). Virtual Laboratories: Mesocosms and Gameworlds. Teorie vědy Theory of Science. https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2024.626

Abstract

This article explores the role of digital games as virtual laboratories for addressing ecological and climate change challenges. It begins by examining the intersection of citizen science and digital gaming, specifically initiatives that have enabled global communities to contribute to ecosystem preservation efforts through collaborative data collection, analysis, and problem-solving that have been vital for monitoring marine habitats. Building upon these developments, we will explore how digital games share parallels with mesocosms, attempting to render ecological and Earth systems phenomena legible while simultaneously contributing to contemporary debates surrounding biodiversity, species loss, and climate change. Notably, digital gameworlds have expanded their scope beyond simple ecological simulations, incorporating intricate climate models alongside social, political, and historical elements to craft nuanced, evolving virtual environments that attempt to reflect the fragile interconnection of systems on a planetary scale.

PDF

References

Allen, Myles, David Frame, Katja Frieler, William Hare, Chris Huntingford, Chris Jones, Reto Knutti, Jason Lowe, Malte Meinshausen, Nicolai Meinshausen, and Sarah Raper. “The Exit Strategy.” Nature Climate Change 1 (2009): 56–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/climate.2009.38

Asobo Studio. Microsoft Flight Simulator. Xbox Game Studios, 2020. Windows, Xbox Series X/S.

Barad, Karen Michelle. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12101zq

Bergh, Jarrett van den, Ved Chirayath, Alan Li, Juan L. Torres-Pérez, and Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer. “Nemo-Net – Gamifying 3D Labeling of Multi-Modal Reference Datasets to Support Automated Marine Habitat Mapping.” Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (2021): 645408. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.645408

Bogost, Ian. Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videogames. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5334.001.0001

Bokulich, Alisa, and Naomi Oreskes. “Models in the Geosciences.” In Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science, edited by Lorenzo Magnani and Tommaso Wayne Bertolotti, 891–911. Cham: Springer, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30526-4_41

Bratton, Benjamin H. The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262029575.001.0001

Büscher, Bram, Robert Fletcher, Dan Brockington, Chris Sandbrook, William M. Adams, Lisa Campbell, Catherine Corson, Wolfram Dressler, Rosaleen Duffy, Noella Gray, George Holmes, Alice Kelly, Elizabeth Lunstrum, Maano Ramutsindela, and Kartik Shanker. “Half-Earth or Whole Earth? Radical Ideas for Conservation, and Their Implications.” Oryx 51, no. 3 (2016): 407–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316001228

Chang, Alenda Y. Playing Nature: Ecology in Video Games. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctvthhd94

Chirayath, Ved, and Alan Li. “Next-generation Optical Sensing Technologies for Exploring Ocean Worlds – NASA Fluidcam, MiDAR, and Nemo-Net.” Frontiers in Marine Science 6 (2019): 521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00521

CORDIS. “Extended Reality for Disaster Management and Media Planning: xR4DRAMA Project: Fact Sheet: H2020.” European Commission. Last modified December 27, 2023. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/952133

da Schio, Nicola. “The Empowering Virtues of Citizen Science: Claiming Clean Air in Brussels.” Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 8, no. 1 (2022): 29–52. https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2022.795

Dichev, Christo, and Darina Dicheva. “Gamifying Education: What Is Known, What Is Believed and What Remains Uncertain: A Critical Review.” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 14, no. 1 (2017): 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5

Dorheim, Kalyn, Skylar Gering, Robert Gieseke, Corinne Hartin, Leeya Pressburger, Alexey N. Shiklomanov, Steve J. Smith, Claudia Tebaldi, Dawn Woodard, and Ben Bond-Lamberty. “Hector V3.1.1: Functionality and Performance of a Reduced-Complexity Climate Model.” Preprint, submitted September 7, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1477

Edwards, Paul N. A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

Ellis, Erle C, and Zia Mehrabi. “Half Earth: Promises, Pitfalls, and Prospects of Dedicating Half of Earth’s Land to Conservation.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 38 (2019): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.008

Fjællingsdal, Kristoffer S., and Christian A. Klöckner. “Gaming Green: The Educational Potential of Eco – A Digital Simulated Ecosystem.” Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019): 2846. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02846

Fletcher, Charlie. “The Environmental Impacts of the Video Game Industry.” Earth.Org, January 9, 2024. https://earth.org/sustainability-and-the-video-gaming-industry/.

Fordyce, Robbie. “Dwarf Fortress: Laboratory and Homestead.” Games and Culture 13, no. 1 (2015): 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412015603192

Fraisl, Dilek, Jillian Campbell, Linda See, Uta Wehn, Jessica Wardlaw, Margaret Gold, Inian Moorthy, Rosa Arias, Jaume Piera, Jessica L. Oliver, Joan Masó, Marianne Penker, and Steffen Fritz. “Mapping Citizen Science Contributions to the UN Sustainable Development Goals.” Sustainability Science 15 (2020): 1735–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00833-7

Free Lives. Terra Nil. Devolver Digital, 2023. Multiplatform.

Gabrys, Jennifer. “Sensors and Sensing Practices: Reworking Experience across Entities, Environments, and Technologies.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 44, no. 5 (2019): 723–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243919860211

Galison, Peter, and Emily Ann Thompson. The Architecture of Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.

Howarth, Josh. “How Many Gamers Are There? (New 2024 Statistics).” Exploding Topics (blog), June 11, 2024. https://explodingtopics.com/blog/number-of-gamers.

Howe, Cymene. “Sensing Asymmetries in Other-Than-Human Forms.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 44, no. 4 (2019): 900–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243919852675.

Huang, Jiawei, Melissa S. Lucash, Robert M. Scheller, and Alexander Klippel. “Walking through the Forests of the Future: Using Data-Driven Virtual Reality to Visualize Forests under Climate Change.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 35, no. 6 (2020): 1155–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2020.1830997

Kawamiya, Michio, Tomohiro Hajima, Kaoru Tachiiri, Shingo Watanabe, and Tokuta Yokohata. “Two Decades of Earth System Modeling with an Emphasis on Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC).” Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 7, no. 1 (2020): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00369-5

Kohler, Robert E. “Lab History: Reflections.” Isis 99, no. 4 (2008): 761–68. https://doi.org/10.1086/595769

Kopnina, Helen. “Half the Earth for People (or More)? Addressing Ethical Questions in Conservation.” Biological Conservation 203 (2016): 176–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.09.019

Krotoski, Aleks. “Serious Fun with Computer Games.” Nature 466, no. 7307 (2010): 695. https://doi.org/10.1038/466695a

Latour, Bruno. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.

Linsbichler, Alexander, and Ivan Ferreira da Cunha. “Otto Neurath’s Scientific Utopianism Revisited – A Refined Model for Utopias in Thought Experiments.” Journal for General Philosophy of Science 54, no. 2 (2023): 233–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10838-022-09630-5

Lockhart, Andrew, Simon Marvin, and Aidan While. “Towards New Ecologies of Automation: Robotics and the Re-Engineering of Nature.” Geoforum 145 (2023): 103825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103825

Löfström, Erica, Christian A. Klöckner, and Ine H. Nesvold. “Nature in Your Face – Disruptive Climate Change Communication and Eco-Visualization as Part of a Garden-Based Learning Approach Involving Primary School Children and Teachers in Co-creating the Future.” Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020): 568068. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568068

Lux, Joelle-Denise, and Alexandra Budke. “Playing with Complex Systems? The Potential to Gain Geographical System Competence through Digital Gaming.” Education Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10050130

Magnani, Lorenzo. “Model-Based and Manipulative Abduction in Science.” Foundations of Science 9, no. 3 (2004): 219–47. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:FODA.0000042841.18507.22

Maxis. SimEarth. Maxis, 1990. Windows.

McLuhan, Eric and Frank Zingrone, eds. Essential McLuhan. New York: Routledge, 1997. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203992968

McClure, E. C., M. Sievers, C. J. Brown, C. A. Buelow, E. M. Ditria, M. A. Hayes, R. M. Pearson, V. J. D. Tulloch, R. K. F. Unsworth, and R. M. Connolly. “Artificial Intelligence Meets Citizen Science to Supercharge Ecological Monitoring.” Patterns 1 (2020): 100109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2020.100109

Mukherjee, Souvik. Videogames and Postcolonialism: Empire Plays Back. Cham: Springer, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54822-7

NASA. NeMO-Net. NASA, 2020. iPad.

Ohara, Kieran. “Chapter 10 - Climate Engineering.” In Climate Change in the Anthropocene, edited by Kieran Ohara, 167–86. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820308-8.00002-7

Oh, Phil Seok. “Abduction in Earth Science Education.” In Handbook of Abductive Cognition, edited by Lorenzo Magnani, 1–31. Cham: Springer, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68436-5_48-1

op de Beke, Laura. “Procedural Futurism in Climate Change Videogames.” Alluvium: 21st-Century Writing, 21st-Century Approaches 9, no. 3 (2021): 1–10. https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/88054.

Pasek, Anne. “Mediating Climate, Mediating Scale.” Humanities 8, no. 4 (2019): 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/h8040159

Paul, Jonathan D., Wouter Buytaert, Simon Allen, Juan A. Ballesteros-Cánovas, Jagat Bhusal, Katarzyna Cieslik, Julian Clark, Sumit Dugar, David M. Hannah, Markus Stoffel, Art Dewulf, Megh R. Dhital, Wei Liu, Janak Lal Nayaval, Bhanu Neupane, Arnulf Schiller, Paul J. Smith, and Robert Supper. “Citizen Science for Hydrological Risk Reduction and Resilience Building.” WIREs Water 5, no. 1 (2018): e1262. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1262

Queiroz, Anna C., Amy Kamarainen, Nicholas Preston, and Maria da Silva Leme. “Immersive Virtual Environments and Climate Change Engagement.” In Proceedings of the 2018 International Scientific Conference on Virtual Learning, edited by Dennis Beck, Anasol Peña-Rios, Todd Ogle, Colin Allison, Leonel Morgado, Johanna Pirker, Jonathon Richter, and Christian Gütl, 153–64. Graz: Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3217/978-3-85125-609-3

Qiu, Hanqing, Huaiqing Zhang, Kexin Lei, Huacong Zhang, and Xingtao Hu. “Forest Digital Twin: A New Tool for Forest Management Practices Based on Spatio-Temporal Data, 3D Simulation Engine, and Intelligent Interactive Environment.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 215 (2023): 108416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108416

Rousell, David, Amy Cutter-Mackenzie, and Jasmyne Foster. “Children of an Earth to Come: Speculative Fiction, Geophilosophy and Climate Change Education Research.” Educational Studies 53, no. 6 (2017): 654–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2017.1369086

Schmidgen, Henning. “Laboratory.” Encyclopedia of the History of Science. Updated April 2021. Accessed October 21, 2024. https://ethos.lps.library.cmu.edu/article/id/450/.

Serious Bros. Imagine Earth. Serious Bros, 2021. Multiplatform

Shannon, Robin J., Helen M. Deeks, Eleanor Burfoot, Edward Clark, Alex J. Jones, Adrian J. Mulholland, and David R. Glowacki. “Exploring Human-Guided Strategies for Reaction Network Exploration: Interactive Molecular Dynamics in Virtual Reality as a Tool for Citizen Scientists.” Journal of Chemical Physics 155, no. 15 (2021): 154106. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0062517

Soltis, Nicholas A., Karen S. McNeal, Cory T. Forbes, and Diane Lally. “The Relationship between Active Learning, Course Innovation, and Teaching Earth Systems Thinking: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.” Geosphere 15, no. 5 (2019): 1703–21. https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02071.1

Speelman, Erika N., Elena Escano, Diego Marcos, and Nicolas Becu. “Serious Games and Citizen Science; from Parallel Pathways to Greater Synergies.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 64 (2023): 101320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101320

Strange Loop Games. Eco. Strange Loop Games, 2018. Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Trust. Half-Earth Socialism. Trust, 2022. Windows.

Tseng, Francis, and Son La Pham. “Half-Earth Socialism: A Plan to Save the Future from Extinction, Climate Change and Pandemics.” Half-Earth Socialism. Accessed October 18, 2024. https://www.half.earth/about.

United Nations Development Programme. “Sustainable Development Goals.” Accessed October 22, 2024. https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals.

Vettese, Troy, and Drew Pendergrass. Half-Earth Socialism: A Plan to Save the Future from Extinction, Climate Change and Pandemics. London: Verso Books, 2023.

Walker, Dawn, Eric Nost, Aaron Lemelin, Rebecca Lave, and Lindsey Dillon. “Practicing Environmental Data Justice: From DataRescue to Data Together.” Geo: Geography and Environment 5, no. 2 (2018): e00061. https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.61

Wilson, Edward Osborne. Half-earth: Our Planet’s Fight for Life. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2016.

Wilson, Johnny L. The SimEarth Bible. Berkeley: Osborne McGraw-Hill, 1991.

Young, Liam. “Planet City.” Accessed October 18, 2024. https://liamyoung.org/projects/planet-city.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2024 Dustin Breitling

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.